In 1299 Osman Ghazi founded the Ottoman State, which lasted 622 years, during which 36 Soltans reigned. He was born in 1258, the third son of ErTogrul Ghazy, who was one of the Turkmen Begs (principals). Due to external, hostile pressures, the Turkmens who settled in Sogut, Anatolia, in 1277 asked for help from ErTogrul Ghazi, who lived in their homeland, Horasan. As a result of meetings held in Merw, ErTogrul Ghazi decided to go to Anatolia and to support Turkmens there with his 400 horsemen. These 400 horsemen were composed of the atabegs and the cavalry who had completed their fighting and commanding training with flying colours and who were able to fullfill the will of Oguz Han, who had said, “Each and every Turkmen soldier is equal to one thousand enemies.”

Osman Ghazi was one of the atabegs who received training in fighting and commanding and would establish a very powerful state in Turkey after 20 years.  

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As a consequence of the weakening and collapse of the Anatolian Seljuk state by the end of the 13^th century, many beyliks emerged in Anatolia. The Ottoman state was one of these beyliks. Ärtogrul Gazi was a frontier beg who lived in Sögüt, with a cavalry of 400 at his command. Ärtogrul Gazi and his brother, Dündar Beg, had settled in Anatolia, but his other two brothers Gündogdy and Sungur Alp had returned to Horosan. After moving from place to place in Anatolia, Ärtogrul and Dündar Begs had finally taken Sögüt from the Byzantines.

Later, the Anatolian Seljuk Soltan Alaaddin Keykubat granted Sögüt to them and Sögüt became their property. The Domaniç and Ermeni Mountains were given as pasture. Ärtogrul Gazi made Sögüt his home and died at the age of 93 in 1281. 

After Ärtogrul Gazi, his son Osman Gazi replaced him. Gathering many Türkmen Begs around him, Osman Gazi established the state.  

Osman Gazi was one of the three sons of Ärtogrul Gazi. He was distinguished from his brothers by his foresight and vigorous personality. After the death of his father, he succeeded in unifying the Türkmen Begs under his leadership. He was 23 years old when he came to power. He was a very handsome young Türkmen, tall, deep-chested, with heavy black brows over hazel-colored eyes and a Roman nose. He was broad-shouldered and the upper part of his body was longer than the lower part.

When Ärtogrul was on his deathbed, he announced his last testament: “ O! My Son! Every man will die. By the will of Allah, death has come at last to me. This state is entrusted to you. And I am entrusting you to Allah. Be just in all your affairs.”