strengthened the life of this nation because in this way the Türkmen nation was able to protect its own foundations.

The secular and national character of the Türkmens is intimately related to their understanding of democracy in history. The following developments show that Türkmens do not believe blindly: the elimination of the differences between classes, the equality of rich and poor before the law, the togetherness and closeness of the rich and poor in meetings, the lack of discontented classes, the freedom of women, the active role of women in the family and social life. The religious men did not form a different stratum in Türkmen society. They generally served the religious needs of the society, such as the adhan or call to prayer and the performance of marriage and funeral ceremonies. Furthermore, religious education has been important for the development of the natural sciences. However, nobody thought to transform it into an instrument of political struggle and exploitation. For Türkmens religion has always been an instrument for strengthening personal belief and enhancing human qualities.

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In the rainy, grey lands of the North, plants are leafy and green. However, in the South, with its hot climate, almost all the plants are thorny.

In the rainy, grey lands of the North, fruits are tart; even the melon must be eaten with sugar. However, in the South, with its hot climate, all the fruits are very sweet.

In the rainy, grey lands of the North, there are few poisonous creatures. However, in the South, with its hot climate, there are countless poisonous creatures.