show their relations with nature. Türkmenistan is a hot country. The spring, which is colourful, effervescent, beautiful and full of fragrance, lasts for only two months. In the rest of the year, the steppe and the lands remain as yellow as grief. The clothes of the Türkmen girls and women, which are bright, light green, red, pink and violet, continue the short spring season throughout the year. Türkmens have always woven perfect fabrics, like linen, broadcloth, the red caftan, and robes. Even the developed weaving industry of the twentieth century has not persuaded Türkmens to abandon their traditional clothes.

The ceremonial clothes of the Türkmen young are also coloured by spring. In days of war, they wear their brown headgear and caftans. The warhorses of the Türkmens are light bay. These colours harmonize with nature. So travellers describe the youth of the Türkmen like this: “They emerge suddenly, as if they emerge from the ground, and if necessary, they disappear suddenly, as if they go into the ground.”

The travellers that came to our country said that the Türkmen horses were well-kept and ready for war throughout the year. More interestingly, young Türkmen men are also ready for war throughout the year. In contrast to the other peoples of Central Asia, even the farmers and the keepers of animals in our country do not like meat very much. They consume it as fried dried meat. It is easy to prepare food from dried meat and this meat can be conserved for a long time. The most famous food of the Türkmens is bread; much care is taken in baking bread. There is no need to eat anything else with the bread because it is delicious on its own. The Türkmen, who gives hay to his horse, himself eats bread made of dries wheat. He drinks the milk of the camel and also gives