through its own effort. The ox causes Mother Nature to yield crops. The ox moves the world and society.

The route led by Oguz Han is one of justice, lawfulness and propriety, and its features are enthusiasm, courage, forbearance and endurance.

Only those who persist will reach their objectives.

Oguz Han is also symbolized by the bull. It represents the skill, cleverness, maturity and strength of the Türkmen.

If Oguz Han leads us to unity, oneness and integrity, then such qualities as resistance to problems, having willpower, strength and ability to remain hardworking are essential.

Oguz Han said:

“The living need mobility”

And the dead tranquillity.”

This idiom shows how hard-working were the Türkmens who were the contemporaries of Oguz Han.

The second age of the Türkmen spirit begins around AD 650. This was an era when the Türkmens spread throughout the world.

This age caused the spiritual strength displayed in difficult conditions by Türkmens during migrations, and campaigns. The Türkmens were inspired by Oguz Han’s instruction telling them, “not to remain immobile.”

The spiritual leader of the Türkmen in this second age was Gorkut Ata. The spirit of this era found expression in the tones of the kopuz. Gorkut Ata converted to Islam of his own volition and discovered the new comprehensive space unique to the Türkmen soul. Gorkut Ata established new moral principles inspired by his personal faith and philosophy of the afterlife.