international law, to establish a humanist democratic state respecting the principles of the rule of law. It does not discriminate between individuals or citizens according to their nation, race, social origin, or their religion.

2. The political regime of the State of Türkmenistan is a republic. In this republic, state sovereignty belongs to the people. The republic exercises its own sovereignty through the direct vote and by means of representative institutions.

3. Inside the borders of Türkmenistan, the Constitution and Laws of Türkmenistan are applicable.

 The Constitution of the Former USSR and laws are applicable only under those circumstances in which there is no explicit law related to the matter within the Constitution and Laws of Türkmenistan; and it is valid until the completion of the reform and regulation of state relations and legal relations in the legislation process.

4. The borders of Türkmenistan within the borders currently drawn are inviolable and indivisible.

5. The state sovereignty of Türkmenistan is executed by means of the division of powers into legislative, executive and judicial powers.

6. Complying with the Constitution of Türkmenistan, the High Council of Türkmenistan exercises the legislative powers.

7. The highest ruler of Türkmenistan is the President who is the Head of State. The President of Türkmenistan also holds the rank of Chairman of the Executive.

8. The courts of Türkmenistan are independent and subject to the law.