powers, and the quality of striving which have been given to the master by Allah. These are one dimension of the matter.

We also try to evaluate the historical value and the age of the production of such material values. Thereafter, not only the experts but also the ordinary people can know that the ages of such invaluable things are in thousands of years. Afterwards, the matter of their age is a matter of the age of the nation because it is impossible for the age of the work to be greater than the age of the craftsman. So, the real truth is that thousands of years ago, the material value, as an example of perfection, became mature.

There was white wheat five thousand years ago, too.

The same must be said of the Türkmen horse of Ahalteke, the Türkmen iti (dog), the carpet and the other artefacts.

From all this there arises the inevitable conclusion that these values are precisely the proof, clear to the naked eye, that the Türkmen nation is a nation with a history of five thousand years. So this is not a frivolous, vain, fabricated idea. So, our national honour is far above blackening others with the false accusations others used against us. Hence our national honour cannot be put into the same scale with others. Our national honour has been established on principles as strong as the Türkmen soil.

Of course, at certain periods when Türkmens lacked complex and well-founded spiritual and philosophical methods and descriptions, there were stages in which Türkmens were weak or in decline. We cannot understand fully now from the existing knowledge and proofs, the exact reasons why it should have happened so. There have even been periods of interregnum, but even those periods were not totally useless or unproductive, as, in general, it can be seen that the moral